Lakes of Northeast India: State-wise List of Major Lakes, Wetlands and Reservoirs
Lakes of Northeast India range from Himalayan mountain lakes and tectonic basins to floodplain wetlands, intermontane valley lakes and artificial reservoirs. Together, they reflect the region's exceptional physical and ecological diversity.
Important examples include Gurudongmar, Tsomgo, Chho Lhamo, Sela, Son Beel, Loktak, Shilloi, Palak Dil, Tam Dil, Umiam and Dumboor. Their significance extends from biodiversity and fisheries to hydropower, tourism, culture and local livelihoods.
This state-wise guide covers the location, origin, ecological importance and major features of Northeast India's principal lakes and wetlands.
Table of Contents
- Major Lakes of Northeast India: State-wise Summary
- How Northeast India's Lakes Formed
- Lakes of Arunachal Pradesh
- Lakes of Assam
- Lakes of Manipur
- Lakes of Meghalaya
- Lakes of Mizoram
- Lakes of Nagaland
- Lakes of Sikkim
- Lakes of Tripura
- Natural Lakes and Artificial Reservoirs
- Ecological and Economic Importance
- Cultural and Religious Importance
- Lakes and Wetlands of International Importance
- Major Threats to Lakes
- Conservation of Northeast India's Lakes
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Conclusion
- References
- Lake Location Map of Northeast India
Major Lakes of Northeast India: State-wise Summary
| State | Major Lakes and Wetlands | Lake or Wetland Type | Key Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arunachal Pradesh | Sangetsar, Sela, Glaw | High-altitude and Eastern Himalayan lakes | Tawang's earthquake-associated lake landscape; Glaw is listed as a Ramsar Site in current Convention on Wetlands records |
| Assam | Chandubi, Son Beel, Haflong, Deepor Beel | Tectonic, floodplain and urban wetlands | Important beels, fisheries, bird habitats and earthquake-related lake formation |
| Manipur | Loktak, Pumlen Pat, Ikop Pat, Waithou | Intermontane valley wetlands | Loktak is described by Manipur authorities as Northeast India's largest freshwater lake; it is famous for phumdis and Sangai habitat |
| Meghalaya | Umiam, Ward's Lake | Reservoir and urban artificial lake | Umiam supports hydropower, tourism, fisheries and recreation |
| Mizoram | Palak Dil, Tam Dil, Serlui B | Natural hill lakes and reservoir | Palak Dil is identified by Mizoram sources as the largest natural lake in Mizoram; Tam Dil is important for tourism and pisciculture |
| Nagaland | Shilloi, Chida, Doyang | Natural hill lakes and reservoir | Shilloi is identified by Nagaland sources as the state's largest natural lake; Doyang is known for Amur Falcon congregations |
| Sikkim | Tsomgo, Gurudongmar, Khecheopalri, Chho Lhamo | High-altitude Himalayan and sacred lakes | Major snow-fed, religious and tourism landscapes; Khecheopalri is associated with the Ramsar-listed Khachoedpalri Wetland |
| Tripura | Rudrasagar, Dumboor | Lowland wetland and reservoir | Rudrasagar is a Ramsar Site and contains Neermahal; Dumboor is a large island-studded reservoir |
Lake Location Map of Northeast India
Major Lakes of Northeast India
Explore the geographical locations of the premier lakes across the northeastern states:
How Northeast India's Lakes Formed
The region's lakes developed through several physical and human processes. The diversity of lake types reflects the contrast between the Eastern Himalaya, Brahmaputra and Barak floodplains, intermontane valleys, plateau landscapes and folded hill systems.
- Mountain and glacial processes: Snow, ice, frost action and relief created or sustain high-altitude lakes in Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh; individual lakes may have more complex origins.
- Tectonic activity: Earthquakes and land deformation formed or modified basins such as Chandubi and Sangetsar, according to government and regional geological accounts.
- River and floodplain processes: The Brahmaputra and Barak systems produced beels, oxbows and abandoned channels through migration, flooding and sedimentation.
- Intermontane basins: The enclosed Manipur Valley contains shallow wetlands locally known as pats.
- Artificial impoundment: Dams created reservoirs such as Umiam, Dumboor, Doyang and Serlui B.
Lakes of Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh contains numerous mountain lakes because of its rugged Eastern Himalayan relief. The Tawang region is especially rich in alpine water bodies, while eastern Arunachal contains forest-fringed freshwater systems.
Sangetsar Lake
Sangetsar Lake, also written as Sangetser or Sungester and popularly called Madhuri Lake, is located in the Tawang region.
The modern lake landscape is associated in government and tourism accounts with the 1950 Assam-Tibet earthquake and subsequent slope and drainage disturbances. Dead tree trunks protruding from parts of the lake are a distinctive feature.
The lake became widely known as Madhuri Lake after scenes from a Hindi film were shot in the area.
Sela Lake
Sela Lake lies close to Sela Pass on the route between West Kameng and Tawang. Snow and ice dominate the surrounding environment during winter, making the lake and pass one of Arunachal Pradesh's best-known mountain landscapes.
Glaw Lake
Glaw Lake, also known locally by variant names, lies within the Kamlang Tiger Reserve and Wildlife Sanctuary in eastern Arunachal Pradesh.
Fed by perennial mountain streams and surrounded by rich Eastern Himalayan forests, it is also culturally significant to local Mishmi communities.
Current Convention on Wetlands records list Glaw Lake as a Ramsar Site, and Arunachal Pradesh government sources describe it as the state's first Ramsar Site. Current Ramsar records should be consulted when using time-sensitive national site counts.
Other Lakes of Arunachal Pradesh
The Tawang and high Himalayan districts contain numerous smaller mountain lakes, including P.T. Tso and other seasonal or permanent alpine water bodies. Because many occur in remote terrain, several remain less studied than lakes accessible by road.
Lakes of Assam
Assam's important water bodies are concentrated largely in river valleys and floodplains. The Brahmaputra and Barak systems have created extensive networks of beels, abandoned channels, oxbows and seasonal wetlands.
Chandubi Lake
Chandubi Lake lies southwest of Guwahati in Kamrup district near the foothills of the Meghalaya Plateau.
Government forestry documentation describes Chandubi as a freshwater beel occupying about 350 hectares and associates its development with the 1897 great Assam earthquake. The area is therefore commonly described as one of Northeast India's earthquake-related lakes, although its precise geomorphic history and present area depend on the source and season.
Surrounded by forests and hills, Chandubi provides habitat for fish and birds and is an important eco-tourism centre associated with the Chandubi Festival.
Son Beel
Son Beel, also written as Sonbil or Shon Beel, is located in southern Assam's Barak Valley.
During the wet season, the depression fills with water and functions as an extensive lake and fishery. In the dry winter period, considerable portions become exposed and are used for cultivation.
The wetland receives water through the Singla river system and ultimately drains toward the Kushiyara system. Its seasonal cycle links floodplain hydrology with fisheries and agriculture.
Haflong Lake
Haflong Lake is an important urban lake in Dima Hasao district and one of Assam's best-known hill tourism landscapes.
Its setting within Assam's hill region provides a sharp geographical contrast with the extensive floodplain wetlands of the Brahmaputra and Barak valleys.
Other Important Wetlands of Assam
Other ecologically important water bodies include Deepor Beel, Maguri-Motapung Beel and Tamranga Beel.
Although many are better described as wetlands or beels than conventional deep lakes, they are fundamental components of Assam's aquatic geography.
Lakes of Manipur
The Manipur Valley contains one of Northeast India's most distinctive wetland systems. Government documentation identifies Loktak and associated wetlands such as Pumlen, Ikop, Kharung, Loushi and Waithou as an interconnected ecological and hydrological system.
Loktak Lake
Loktak Lake is described by Manipur authorities as the largest freshwater lake in Northeast India. This is a government-specific regional designation, and comparisons can vary depending on whether they use open-water area, the full wetland boundary, seasonal extent or another definition.
The Ramsar-designated wetland area is approximately 26,600 hectares according to the Ramsar site record.
Loktak is famous for floating masses of vegetation, soil and organic matter known locally as phumdis. Fishing communities have adapted to this environment, and floating huts known as phumsangs form part of its cultural landscape.
Keibul Lamjao National Park
The southern part of the Loktak ecosystem contains Keibul Lamjao National Park, whose floating wetland habitat is the principal natural home of the endangered Sangai or Manipur brow-antlered deer.
The interaction between open water, phumdis, marsh vegetation and surrounding terrestrial habitats gives the Loktak-Keibul Lamjao landscape exceptional conservation importance.
Pumlen Pat
Pumlen Pat is another important shallow wetland-lake system in the southern Manipur Valley.
It supports fisheries, aquatic vegetation and local livelihoods and forms part of the wider wetland network surrounding Loktak.
Ikop Pat and Waithou
Ikop Pat and Waithou are additional shallow valley wetlands that support fisheries, aquatic vegetation and local livelihoods.
Together, these water bodies illustrate the strongly wetland-dominated character of Manipur's central basin.
Lakes of Meghalaya
Meghalaya's plateau landscape contains a number of natural and artificial water bodies, although its best-known lake landscape is the large reservoir of Umiam.
Umiam Lake
Umiam Lake is located in Ri-Bhoi district north of Shillong.
It formed when the Umiam River was dammed in the early 1960s for a hydroelectric power project.
The reservoir supports tourism, boating, water sports, recreation, bird habitat and local fisheries. It has become one of the most recognizable landscapes of Meghalaya.
Ward's Lake
Ward's Lake in Shillong is a smaller artificial urban lake surrounded by landscaped gardens.
Although its geographical and hydrological importance is much smaller than Umiam, it remains an important recreational and tourism site in the state capital.
Lakes of Mizoram
Mizoram's folded hill landscape contains a small number of natural freshwater lakes and several reservoir systems.
Palak Dil
Palak Dil, also called Pala Tipo or Palak Lake, is identified by Mizoram government sources as the largest natural lake in Mizoram.
This is a state-specific designation whose wording may vary with the definition of a natural lake and the measurement used. It lies in southern Mizoram near Phura and is surrounded by dense forest.
Mizoram Tourism describes the lake as approximately 1 square kilometre in extent. Because the lake is a natural water body and its shoreline and water level can vary, published area figures should be treated as approximate.
Its surrounding landscape supports wetland and hill birds and other wildlife, while traditional stories about its origin add cultural importance.
Tam Dil
Tam Dil is a well-known natural lake near Saitual. Its name is commonly interpreted as the Lake of Mustard.
The lake has been developed as a tourism destination and pisciculture centre. Dense vegetation around it contributes to its scenic and ecological character.
Serlui B Lake
Serlui B is an artificial reservoir in northern Mizoram associated with water-resource and power development.
Its reservoir landscape represents a different lake-forming process from the natural hill depressions occupied by Palak Dil and Tam Dil.
Lakes of Nagaland
Shilloi Lake
Shilloi Lake is identified by Nagaland government sources as the largest natural lake in Nagaland.
This is a state-specific designation, and rankings may differ if sources use different lake boundaries, seasons or inclusion criteria.
It lies in the Phek-Meluri region in southeastern Nagaland and is surrounded by pine-covered hills.
The lake has a distinctive footprint-like shape and occupies a natural depression. It also has cultural importance because of traditional stories associated with the lake and its guardian spirits.
Chida Lake
Chida Lake near Khezhakeno is another natural hill lake.
Nagaland Tourism describes it as a spring-fed lake located high in the hills and surrounded by a scenic valley landscape.
Doyang Reservoir
The Doyang Reservoir is an artificial lake created by the Doyang hydroelectric project.
The wider Doyang area is particularly famous for seasonal congregations of migratory Amur Falcons, making the reservoir landscape important for bird conservation as well as power generation.
Lakes of Sikkim
Sikkim contains some of India's most spectacular mountain lakes, closely connected with snowmelt, Himalayan relief, religion and traditional cultural beliefs.
Tsomgo Lake
Tsomgo Lake, also known as Changu Lake, lies in eastern Sikkim on the road toward Nathu La.
It is situated at approximately 3,753 metres above sea level according to commonly cited Sikkim government and tourism sources. Elevation figures can vary slightly with the reference point and mapping method.
The lake receives water from melting snow on surrounding mountains and may freeze during winter.
Tsomgo is regarded as sacred in Sikkimese traditions. Historically, Buddhist monks are said to have interpreted changes in the lake's appearance as signs of future events.
Gurudongmar Lake
Gurudongmar Lake lies in northern Sikkim at an altitude commonly reported as approximately 5,183 metres.
Published elevations vary slightly among official and tourism sources.
Surrounded by barren high Himalayan terrain and snow-covered mountains, the lake remains frozen for substantial periods during winter and is revered by local communities.
Khecheopalri Lake
Khecheopalri Lake in western Sikkim lies at an elevation commonly reported as approximately 1,700 metres above sea level.
Figures may vary by source and measurement point. Surrounded by forest, it is considered sacred by both Buddhists and Hindus.
Traditional belief holds that birds remove leaves that fall onto the lake's surface. Khecheopalri is therefore often called the Wishing Lake.
The surrounding Khachoedpalri Wetland is listed as a Ramsar Site in current Convention on Wetlands records.
Chho Lhamo / Tso Lhamo
Chho Lhamo, often written as Tso Lhamo, is an important high-altitude lake of northern Sikkim.
The Government of Sikkim identifies it as an important source-region lake of the Teesta River.
Its position in a high Himalayan environment makes it particularly sensitive to changes in snow cover, temperature and high-altitude hydrology.
Lakes of Tripura
Rudrasagar Lake
Rudrasagar Lake is one of Tripura's most important lowland wetlands.
It receives water from several perennial streams and drains toward the Gomati river system.
Rudrasagar was designated a Ramsar Site in 2005 according to the Ramsar site record.
The Ramsar-designated wetland covers approximately 240 hectares; the wider seasonal lake footprint described in some state tourism sources may be larger because boundaries and water levels differ.
Neermahal and Rudrasagar
The celebrated Neermahal water palace stands in Rudrasagar Lake, giving it a distinctive combination of natural, historical and tourism importance.
The lake also supports fisheries, migratory birds and groundwater recharge.
Dumboor Lake
Dumboor Lake, also written as Dumbur Lake, is a large reservoir landscape in the Dhalai-Gandacherra region.
Government of Tripura information describes the water body as covering approximately 41 square kilometres and containing about 48 islands.
These figures are approximate and may vary with reservoir level, mapping method and the area included in the description.
It lies around the confluence of the Raima and Sarma rivers.
Dumboor supports fisheries, migratory birds, recreation, tourism, hydropower-related functions and local livelihoods. The Tirthamukh area associated with the lake also has major religious and cultural importance.
Natural Lakes and Artificial Reservoirs
An important geographical distinction is the difference between naturally formed lakes and reservoirs created by damming rivers.
| Natural Lakes and Wetland Lakes | Artificial Lakes and Reservoirs |
|---|---|
| Loktak Lake | Umiam Lake |
| Tsomgo Lake | Dumboor Lake / reservoir |
| Gurudongmar Lake | Doyang Reservoir |
| Khecheopalri Lake | Serlui B Reservoir |
| Shilloi Lake | Other hydropower reservoirs |
| Palak Dil | — |
Ecological and Economic Importance
Fish and Aquatic Habitat
Lakes and floodplain wetlands provide breeding, nursery and feeding habitats for freshwater fish.
Fisheries are especially important in Loktak, Son Beel, Rudrasagar, Dumboor and numerous Assam beels.
Waterbirds and Rare Wildlife
Many lakes provide feeding, nesting, resting and wintering grounds for resident and migratory birds.
The Loktak ecosystem supports the Sangai through Keibul Lamjao National Park, while Glaw Lake lies within a forest landscape supporting rich Eastern Himalayan wildlife.
Hydropower
Reservoirs such as Umiam, Dumboor and Doyang are associated with hydroelectric power generation.
Lake and reservoir development therefore forms an important part of the economic geography of Northeast India.
Water Storage
Natural and artificial lakes help store water and may support irrigation, fisheries, domestic use, hydropower and downstream flow regulation.
Tourism
Tsomgo, Gurudongmar, Umiam, Loktak, Rudrasagar, Shilloi and Sangetsar attract visitors because of their scenic settings and cultural associations.
Agriculture and Local Livelihoods
Seasonal wetlands such as Son Beel demonstrate how the same landscape may support fishing during high-water months and cultivation after water levels decline.
Lakes and wetlands therefore support diverse livelihood systems including fisheries, tourism, agriculture, boating and small-scale trade.
Cultural and Religious Importance
Many lakes of Northeast India are cultural landscapes as well as physical water bodies.
Tsomgo, Gurudongmar and Khecheopalri are regarded as sacred in Sikkim.
Glaw Lake has cultural importance for Mishmi communities, while Shilloi Lake and Palak Dil are associated with local traditions and oral histories.
Rudrasagar combines wetland heritage with royal history through Neermahal, while Dumboor is linked with the religious significance of Tirthamukh.
These examples demonstrate that the geography of lakes in Northeast India cannot be understood only through hydrology and geomorphology. Many water bodies also form important components of indigenous knowledge, religious traditions and regional identity.
Lakes and Wetlands of International Importance
Several important lake and wetland systems of Northeast India are recognized under the Ramsar Convention as Wetlands of International Importance.
| Lake or Wetland | State | Ramsar Designation |
|---|---|---|
| Loktak Lake | Manipur | 1990 |
| Rudrasagar Lake | Tripura | 2005 |
| Khachoedpalri Wetland / Khecheopalri | Sikkim | 2024 |
| Glaw Lake | Arunachal Pradesh | Current Ramsar-listed site |
Other Ramsar wetlands in the region, including Deepor Beel in Assam and Pala Wetland in Mizoram, further demonstrate the international importance of Northeast India's freshwater ecosystems.
Ramsar status and designation details are time-sensitive because the official list is updated when new wetlands are designated.
Major Threats to Lakes of Northeast India
- Siltation: Deforestation, road cutting, erosion and catchment degradation increase sediment inflow.
- Pollution: Untreated sewage, agricultural runoff, solid waste and tourism pressure can degrade water quality.
- Invasive aquatic plants: Dense invasive vegetation can reduce open-water habitat and affect fisheries.
- Encroachment: Agriculture, settlements and infrastructure can reduce lake and wetland area.
- Hydrological modification: Dams, barrages, embankments, drainage channels and roads alter natural water-level fluctuations.
- Overexploitation: Unsustainable fishing and excessive extraction of aquatic resources can degrade ecosystems.
- Tourism pressure: Waste generation, vehicle movement and poorly managed visitor facilities can damage fragile lake environments.
- Climate change: Mountain lakes are particularly sensitive to changing snowfall, glacier behaviour, extreme rainfall and temperature.
Conservation of Northeast India's Lakes
Effective conservation requires an integrated catchment-based approach because lake health depends heavily on the surrounding landscape.
Important conservation priorities include:
- protecting forests and vegetation in catchment areas;
- preventing untreated sewage and solid waste from entering lakes;
- maintaining natural drainage connections;
- controlling invasive aquatic vegetation;
- regulating unsustainable tourism;
- protecting fish-breeding habitats;
- restoring degraded shorelines;
- monitoring water quality;
- preventing excessive wetland encroachment;
- supporting community-based management; and
- protecting culturally sacred lake landscapes.
Management must also recognize that lakes are connected with their surrounding catchments. Protecting only the visible water surface while allowing the surrounding slopes, forests and drainage channels to deteriorate cannot ensure long-term lake conservation.
Lakes of Northeast India for Competitive Exams
| Important Question Point | Answer |
|---|---|
| Famous lake of Manipur | Loktak Lake |
| Lake famous for floating phumdis | Loktak Lake |
| Lake associated with Sangai | Loktak Lake / Keibul Lamjao landscape |
| Assam lake associated with 1897 earthquake | Chandubi Lake |
| Important seasonal wetland of Barak Valley | Son Beel |
| Major artificial lake of Meghalaya | Umiam Lake |
| Largest natural lake of Mizoram according to state sources | Palak Dil |
| Largest natural lake of Nagaland according to state sources | Shilloi Lake |
| Water palace situated in a Tripura lake | Neermahal – Rudrasagar Lake |
| Large reservoir with many islands in Tripura | Dumboor Lake |
| Popular sacred lake near Nathu La route | Tsomgo Lake |
| Famous very high-altitude lake of Sikkim | Gurudongmar Lake |
| Sacred Wishing Lake of Sikkim | Khecheopalri Lake |
| Tawang lake popularly called Madhuri Lake | Sangetsar Lake |
| High-altitude lake near Sela Pass | Sela Lake |
Frequently Asked Questions About Northeast India's Lakes
Which is the largest freshwater lake in Northeast India?
Loktak Lake in Manipur is described by the Government of Manipur as the largest freshwater lake in Northeast India. This designation depends on the comparison criteria and should not be treated as an unqualified universal ranking.
What is Loktak Lake famous for?
Loktak Lake is famous for its floating phumdis, Keibul Lamjao National Park and the endangered Sangai, or Manipur brow-antlered deer.
What are the major lakes of Sikkim?
Major lakes of Sikkim include Tsomgo Lake, Gurudongmar Lake, Khecheopalri Lake and Chho Lhamo.
Which lake is known as Madhuri Lake?
Sangetsar Lake near Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh is popularly known as Madhuri Lake.
Which lake in Assam is associated with the 1897 earthquake?
Chandubi Lake in Assam is associated in government and regional accounts with ground deformation caused by the great Assam earthquake of 1897.
Which is the largest natural lake in Mizoram?
Palak Dil, also called Palak Lake, is identified by Mizoram government sources as the largest natural lake in Mizoram. The ranking may vary with the definition of a natural lake and the area measurement used.
Which is the largest natural lake in Nagaland?
Shilloi Lake is identified by Nagaland government sources as the state's largest natural lake. This is a government-specific designation and may vary under different comparison criteria.
Is Umiam Lake natural or artificial?
Umiam Lake is an artificial reservoir created after the Umiam River was dammed in the early 1960s for a hydroelectric project.
Which lake contains Neermahal?
Neermahal is situated in Rudrasagar Lake in Tripura.
Which lake is associated with Keibul Lamjao National Park?
Keibul Lamjao National Park forms part of the Loktak Lake wetland landscape in Manipur.
Which lakes and wetlands in Northeast India are Ramsar Sites?
Important lake-based Ramsar Sites include Loktak Lake in Manipur, Rudrasagar Lake in Tripura, Khachoedpalri Wetland associated with Khecheopalri in Sikkim and Glaw Lake in Arunachal Pradesh. Deepor Beel and Pala Wetland are additional Ramsar wetlands of the region. The current Ramsar List should be consulted for the latest legal status, site names and designation dates.
Conclusion
The lakes of Northeast India reflect the region's physical, ecological and cultural diversity.
The Eastern Himalaya contains mountain lakes shaped by snow, ice and relief. Assam's valleys contain dynamic beels formed by river migration, flooding and tectonic activity. The Manipur Basin contains an interconnected wetland system dominated by Loktak, while Mizoram and Nagaland preserve smaller natural hill lakes.
Artificial reservoirs such as Umiam, Dumboor and Doyang demonstrate how human modification of rivers can create new lake landscapes with economic, ecological and tourism functions.
Among the best-known water bodies are Loktak Lake, Tsomgo Lake, Gurudongmar Lake, Khecheopalri Lake, Chandubi Lake, Son Beel, Umiam Lake, Shilloi Lake, Palak Dil, Tam Dil, Rudrasagar Lake, Dumboor Lake, Sangetsar Lake and Sela Lake.
Protecting these water bodies requires healthy catchments, natural drainage, sustainable fisheries, pollution control, responsible tourism and the continued involvement of communities whose lives and traditions are closely connected with them.
References
Government of Sikkim – Tourism & Civil Aviation Department. Official information on Tsomgo, Gurudongmar, Khecheopalri and other Himalayan lakes of Sikkim.
Ramsar Convention / Convention on Wetlands. Official Ramsar List and Ramsar Sites Information Service records for Khachoedpalri Wetland, Loktak Lake, Rudrasagar Lake, Deepor Beel, Pala Wetland and Glaw Lake.
Government of Arunachal Pradesh – Department of Tourism. Official tourism material on Sela Lake, Sangetsar Lake and the lake landscapes of Tawang.
Government of Assam – Forest Department and District Administration. Official documentation on Chandubi Lake, Son Beel and Assam's aquatic biodiversity.
Government of Manipur – Tourism Department and Loktak Development Authority. Official information on Loktak Lake, phumdis and associated valley wetlands including Pumlen, Ikop and Waithou.
Meghalaya Tourism. Official information on the formation, location and tourism importance of Umiam Lake.
Mizoram Tourism. Official information on Palak Dil, Tam Dil and other lake landscapes of Mizoram.
Government of Nagaland – Phek District Administration, Tourism Department and Nagaland Pollution Control Board. Official information on Shilloi Lake and other important water bodies.
Government of Tripura – Tourism Department and District Administration. Official information on Rudrasagar Lake, Neermahal and Dumboor Lake.
Singh, R. L. (ed.). India: A Regional Geography. Used for broader understanding of Himalayan relief, river valleys, plateau systems and regional physical geography.
Taher, M. and Ahmed, P. Geography of North-East India. Used for regional context on drainage, physiography, wetlands and natural-resource geography.
Research Note: Lake names, classifications, elevations and dimensions can vary across publications because several water bodies are seasonal wetlands or reservoirs whose surface area changes with water level. “Largest” claims are retained only with attribution to the relevant government or source and may depend on the comparison criteria. Current legal Ramsar status should be checked against the latest Convention on Wetlands records, while modern tourism information should be cross-checked against official government sources.