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Climate of Meghalaya: Rainfall, Temperature & Climatic Regions The climate of Meghalaya is dominated by the southwest monsoon and the dramatic relief of the Meghalaya Plateau. Conditions range from warm tropical foothills to cool subtropical and near-temperate uplands, while the southern Khasi Hills receive some of the heaviest rainfall recorded anywhere on Earth. Mawsynram is widely cited by the Meghalaya Government as receiving about 11,872 mm of average annual rainfall . Nearby Sohra/Cherrapunji is also globally famous for extreme monsoon rainfall. Table of Contents Climate at a Glance Climatic Controls Rainfall Distribution Mawsynram and Sohra Temperature Climatic Regions Seasons Rainfall and Water Paradox Climate Change MPSC Notes FAQs Conclusion Read More Climate of Meghalaya at a Glance Feature General Pattern Main climate control Southwest monsoon + plateau relief Wettest belt Southern Khasi Hills around Mawsynram and Sohra Mawsynram average annual rainfall About 11...

Tribes of Meghalaya: Khasi, Garo & Jaintia Communities The tribes of Meghalaya are central to the state's cultural geography. The three principal indigenous communities are the Khasi, Garo and Jaintia/Pnar , alongside smaller Scheduled Tribe communities represented in Census records. Khasi, Jaintia and Garo societies are widely known for matrilineal descent , in which lineage and inheritance are traced through the female line. Matrilineal, however, does not mean that all political authority is held by women; social and political roles vary by community and institution. Table of Contents Tribes at a Glance Khasi Garo Jaintia/Pnar Matrilineal Society Languages Traditional Institutions Festivals Livelihood and Culture Scheduled Tribe Classification MPSC Notes FAQs Conclusion Read More Major Tribes of Meghalaya at a Glance Community Main Region Important Cultural Feature Khasi Central Khasi Hills and Ri Bhoi Matrilineal clans; Khasi language; Dorbar and Hima institutions Gar...

Hydroelectric Projects & Dams of Meghalaya The hydroelectric projects in Meghalaya use the steep gradients and high rainfall of the Meghalaya Plateau. The Umiam-Umtru system forms the historic core of state hydropower, while the 126 MW Myntdu-Leshka Hydroelectric Project is the largest individual operating state project listed by MeECL. MeECL currently lists 356.2 MW of existing generating capacity across nine state power stations. Table of Contents Hydropower at a Glance Umiam Hydroelectric System Umtru Projects Myntdu-Leshka Other Projects Dams and Reservoirs Hydropower Potential Environmental Issues MPSC Notes FAQs Conclusion Read More Existing Hydroelectric Power Stations of Meghalaya Power Station Installed Capacity Umiam Stage I 36 MW Umiam Stage II 20 MW Umiam Stage III 60 MW Umiam Stage IV 60 MW Umtru Power Station 11.2 MW Sonapani HEP 1.5 MW Leshka HEP 126 MW New Umtru HEP 40 MW Lakroh 1.5 MW Total listed capacity: 356.2 MW. Umiam Hydroelectric System The Umiam ...

Rivers of Meghalaya: Major Rivers, Drainage & Map The rivers of Meghalaya drain a deeply dissected plateau positioned between the Brahmaputra Valley in the north and the Bangladesh plains in the south. Most rivers are short, swift and strongly controlled by the slope of the Garo, Khasi and Jaintia Hills. The drainage system is divided broadly between north-flowing tributaries toward the Brahmaputra system and south-flowing rivers toward Bangladesh and the Surma-Meghna system . Major rivers include Simsang, Ganol, Umiam, Umtrew, Kynshi, Umngot and Myntdu. Table of Contents Rivers at a Glance Drainage Pattern Simsang Umiam Umngot Myntdu Ganol Kynshi and Other Rivers Importance Hydropower MPSC Notes FAQs Conclusion Read More Major Rivers of Meghalaya at a Glance River Region General Drainage Simsang Garo Hills Flows south/east through Garo Hills toward Bangladesh; described by state power policy as the biggest river in Garo Hills Ganol West Garo Hills Important Garo Hills riv...

Waterfalls of Meghalaya: Famous Falls, Height, District & Map The waterfalls in Meghalaya are created by a combination of exceptional monsoon rainfall, resistant plateau rocks, deeply incised valleys and the steep southern escarpment of the Khasi-Jaintia uplands. From the 340-metre plunge of Nohkalikai near Sohra to the turquoise curtain of Krang Suri , waterfalls are among the state's most recognisable landscapes. Because different sources measure multi-tier waterfalls differently, this guide uses a height only where an official or authoritative tourism source clearly states one. Table of Contents Waterfalls at a Glance Nohkalikai Falls Seven Sisters Falls Krang Suri Wei Sawdong Langshiang Other Famous Falls Why Meghalaya Has So Many Waterfalls Best Season and Safety MPSC Notes FAQs Conclusion Read More Famous Waterfalls of Meghalaya at a Glance Waterfall Dis...

Sacred Groves of Meghalaya: Mawphlang & Indigenous Conservation The sacred groves of Meghalaya are community-protected forest patches conserved through indigenous religious belief, customary law and collective responsibility. They are among the clearest examples in India of biodiversity conservation rooted in local institutions rather than modern protected-area legislation alone. In the Khasi Hills, sacred groves are commonly called Khlaw Kyntang, Law Kyntang or Law Lyngdoh , while the Jaintia term Khloo Blai is also used. The famous Mawphlang Sacred Forest is the best-known example. Table of Contents Sacred Groves at a Glance Mawphlang Sacred Forest Traditional Names and Beliefs Biodiversity Value Watershed and Soil Protection Community Conservation Threats MPSC Notes FAQs Conclusion Read More Sacred Groves of Meghalaya at a Glance Feature Details Khasi terms Khlaw Kyntang, Law Kyntang, Law Lyngdoh Jaintia term Khloo Blai Best-known grove Mawphlang Sacred Forest Conservat...

Caves of Meghalaya: Longest Caves, Limestone & Karst Landscapes The caves of Meghalaya form one of South Asia's most remarkable subterranean landscapes. Heavy rainfall falling on thick limestone formations has created extensive karst systems containing underground rivers, chambers, shafts, stalactites, stalagmites and fossil-bearing passages. The best-known system is Krem Liat Prah in East Jaintia Hills , which Meghalaya Tourism describes as the longest natural cave in South Asia , extending for more than 34 km. Caves are closely related to the geology of the Meghalaya Plateau . Table of Contents Caves at a Glance How Caves Form Krem Liat Prah Mawsmai Cave Arwah Cave Siju Cave Other Cave Systems Scientific Importance Cave Tourism and Safety MPSC Notes FAQs Conclusion Read More Major Caves of Meghalaya at a Glance Cave Region Key Feature Krem Liat Prah East Jaintia Hills Over 34 km; longest natural cave in South Asia according to Meghalaya Tourism Mawsmai Cave Sohra, East...

Agriculture of Meghalaya: Crops, Jhum & Farming Systems The agriculture of Meghalaya reflects the state's high rainfall, plateau relief, acidic soils and strong altitudinal variation. Rice remains the principal food crop, while maize, pulses, potato, vegetables, spices, plantation crops and horticulture are important across different elevation zones. Farming systems range from jhum or shifting cultivation on hill slopes to permanent paddy fields, terrace farming, horticultural orchards and plantation agriculture. The relationship between relief and farming is explained further in Physiography of Meghalaya . Table of Contents Agriculture at a Glance Major Farming Systems Jhum Cultivation Rice Maize and Pulses Horticulture Agro-climatic Zones Challenges Future Potential MPSC Notes FAQs Conclusion Read More Agriculture of Meghalaya at a Glance Feature Details Principal food crop Rice/paddy Other important cereals Maize and wheat in suitable areas Pulses Black gram, green g...

Mineral Resources of Meghalaya: Coal, Limestone, Uranium & Map The mineral resources of Meghalaya are closely linked with the geology of the Meghalaya Plateau. The state contains major deposits of limestone and coal as well as kaolin, clay, granite, glass sand, sillimanite, bauxite, rock phosphate, quartz, feldspar, iron ore and identified uranium mineralisation. Mineral occurrence is not uniform. Limestone is especially important along the southern Khasi-Jaintia-Garo belt, while coal occurs in several small coalfields. For the geological background, read Meghalaya Plateau: Physiography, Geology, Climate & Biodiversity . Table of Contents Minerals at a Glance Limestone Coal Uranium Other Minerals Regional Distribution Economic Importance Mining and Environmental Issues MPSC Notes FAQs Conclusion Read More Mineral Resources of Meghalaya at a Glance Mineral Official Resource/Reserve Figure Major Occurrence Limestone 15,100 million tonnes Sohra/Shella, Lakadong-Lumshnong, ...