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Northeast India is a place of heavy rainfall, high relative humidity, and high temperatures, which cause rapid weathering of rocks. As the weathering of surface rocks of the hills and mountains proceeds, the sheet flood caused by heavy rainfall removes the weathered materials and carries them down to the headward streams of the rivers.  The rapidly flowing rivers then carry the sediments, big and small, down to the foothills and plains. Soils found in northeast India are mainly four major groups. These are Alluvial Soil , Red Soil , Laterite Soil , and Mountain Soil . In the Northeast Region , soil and environmental degradation is a big problem. This is further aggravated due to ecologically unsuitable shifting cultivation by the local tribes/ indigenous people who are socio-culturally and economically very much attached to this form of land use. Types of Soils Found in Northeast India There are four major soil groups found in Northeast India Alluvial Soil Old Alluvium  Ne...

Biodiversity of Northeast India: Flora, Fauna, Forests and Wildlife Northeast India is one of the most biologically diverse regions of India and is globally recognized for its exceptional variety of flora, fauna, ecosystems and wildlife . Its complex topography, high rainfall, varied climate and geographical location have created ideal conditions for the evolution and survival of numerous plant and animal species. The region acts as an important biogeographical meeting ground where elements of the Indian mainland, Himalayan and Southeast Asian biological regions come together. This has contributed to the remarkable species diversity and ecological richness of Northeast India.

Geography: Meaning, Nature, Scope and Approaches Geography is the systematic study of the Earth's surface, places, people and their relationship with the environment . It examines both the physical characteristics of the Earth and the distribution and activities of human societies. Geographers study natural features such as landforms, climate, rivers, soils, vegetation and oceans , as well as human phenomena such as population, settlements, agriculture, industries, transport and culture . Geography also examines how human activities influence the natural environment and how geographical conditions, in turn, affect human life. In simple terms, geography studies where things are, why they are there, how places are connected, and how people interact with their environment . What is Geography? The word Geography is derived from the Greek words geo , meaning Earth , and graphein , meaning to describe or write . Thus, geography literally means the description of the Earth . Modern geog...

Climate of Northeast India: Factors, Characteristics and Climatic Conditions The climate of Northeast India is broadly characterized by a tropical monsoon climate . The region experiences a strong influence of the southwest monsoon, but its climate is considerably more varied than that of many other parts of India because of its mountains, hills, plateaus, valleys, forests and extensive water bodies . The Tropic of Cancer passes through the southern part of Northeast India, particularly through Tripura and Mizoram , giving the region an important tropical influence. However, latitude alone does not determine the climate of Northeast India. Its complex topography and surrounding mountain systems play a major role in creating regional variations in temperature, rainfall, humidity and seasonal conditions. The Himalayas in the north, the Patkai and associated hill ranges in the east, and the Meghalaya Plateau in the south-central part strongly influence the movement of air masses and mon...

Biosphere Reserves in Northeast India: Complete List, Map, Features and Importance Biosphere Reserves in Northeast India represent some of the most important natural landscapes of the Eastern Himalayas and the adjoining hill and valley systems. These protected landscapes conserve biodiversity while also recognizing the relationship between local communities, traditional knowledge and the natural environment. A biosphere reserve is not simply a wildlife sanctuary or national park. It is a larger landscape designed to balance biodiversity conservation, sustainable development, research, education and the well-being of local communities . India has established 18 Biosphere Reserves under its national biosphere-reserve programme. Five of these are located in the Northeast Indian states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Sikkim : Manas, Dibru-Saikhowa, Dihang-Dibang, Nokrek and Khangchendzonga . These biosphere reserves contain a remarkable range of ecosystems, from the Brahmaputr...

Karbi Anglong is one of the most geographically distinctive regions of Assam and forms an important part of the hill landscape of Northeast India. The region is characterized by ancient geological formations, rugged hills, plateaus, valleys, forests, rivers and waterfalls. The Karbi Anglong Plateau represents one of the important upland physiographic regions of Assam. Geologically, it is associated with the ancient Peninsular block and is regarded as an extension of the northeastern projection of the Gondwana landmass . The plateau is separated from the Meghalaya Plateau by extensive erosion and drainage development associated with the Kopili and Dhansiri river systems . Karbi Anglong is particularly significant for its combination of mountainous terrain, plateau surfaces, river valleys, forests and rich biodiversity . These physical features have also influenced agriculture, settlement, transportation and tourism in the region. Table of Contents Location and Geographical Setting of ...