100 Important MCQs with Answers | Class 10 SEBA Geography | Economic Geography | Environment | World Geography | Geography of Assam
100 MCQs for ADRE, APSC and Other Assam Competitive Exams on Economic Geography, Environment, World Geography and Geography of Assam
Section A: Economic Geography
Questions 1–25
The first chapter deals with Economic Geography, its scope and branches, the concept and classification of resources, resource use and conservation, and the relationship between resources and science and technology.
1. Economic Geography is primarily a branch of:
A. Physical Geography
B. Human Geography
C. Astronomy
D. Geology
Answer: B
2. Economic Geography mainly studies human activities related to:
A. Production, distribution, consumption and exchange
B. Earthquakes and volcanoes
C. Weather forecasting only
D. Ocean currents only
Answer: A
3. Which of the following is an important branch of Economic Geography?
A. Agricultural Geography
B. Astronomical Geography
C. Seismology
D. Climatology only
Answer: A
4. The study of the geographical distribution of agricultural activities belongs to:
A. Industrial Geography
B. Agricultural Geography
C. Transport Geography
D. Political Geography
Answer: B
5. The study of industrial location and distribution is the subject of:
A. Agricultural Geography
B. Industrial Geography
C. Population Geography
D. Medical Geography
Answer: B
6. Which branch of Economic Geography studies the role of transportation in economic development?
A. Transport Geography
B. Agricultural Geography
C. Resource Geography
D. Tourism Geography
Answer: A
7. Which of the following is a characteristic of a resource?
A. Utility
B. Uselessness
C. Permanence only
D. Immutability
Answer: A
8. The concept that a resource can change in importance with time is known as the:
A. Static nature of resource
B. Dynamic nature of resource
C. Political nature of resource
D. Climatic nature of resource
Answer: B
9. The conversion of bamboo into paper is an example of:
A. Natural resource
B. Man-made resource
C. Human resource
D. International resource
Answer: B
10. Which of the following is a natural resource?
A. Plastic
B. Paper
C. Water
D. Machine
Answer: C
11. A population made productive through education, skill and training is called:
A. Natural resource
B. Human resource
C. Mineral resource
D. Marine resource
Answer: B
12. Which of the following is a biotic resource?
A. Coal
B. Iron ore
C. Fish
D. Limestone
Answer: C
13. Which of the following is an abiotic resource?
A. Forest
B. Fish
C. Animal
D. Mineral
Answer: D
14. Which of the following is generally considered a renewable resource?
A. Coal
B. Petroleum
C. Solar energy
D. Natural gas
Answer: C
15. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
A. Sunlight
B. Wind
C. Coal
D. Water
Answer: C
16. A resource owned by a particular individual is classified as:
A. National resource
B. International resource
C. Individual resource
D. Regional resource
Answer: C
17. The atmosphere is generally classified as an:
A. Individual resource
B. International resource
C. Household resource
D. Private resource
Answer: B
18. Which of the following best explains why resources are dynamic?
A. Their usefulness may change with technology
B. Their quantity always increases
C. All resources are renewable
D. Resources never change in importance
Answer: A
19. Which factor has played a major role in transforming neutral substances into resources?
A. Science and technology
B. Political boundaries
C. Population decline
D. Earthquakes alone
Answer: A
20. All materials that have no present utility but may become useful later are called:
A. Wealth
B. Neutral stuff
C. Human resources
D. Capital goods
Answer: B
21. Which of the following is an example of a man-made resource?
A. River
B. Soil
C. Road
D. Sunlight
Answer: C
22. The conversion of cotton into cloth demonstrates:
A. Natural formation of resources
B. Human transformation of natural resources
C. Destruction of natural resources
D. Internationalisation of resources
Answer: B
23. Resources possessing economic value and value in exchange are generally referred to as:
A. Wealth
B. Neutral stuff
C. Climate
D. Environment
Answer: A
24. Which branch studies market location, market distribution and related factors?
A. Geography of Marketing
B. Industrial Geography
C. Resource Geography
D. Population Geography
Answer: A
25. Sustainable resource use primarily aims at:
A. Unlimited exploitation
B. Conservation while meeting present and future needs
C. Complete prohibition of resource use
D. Increasing waste generation
Answer: B
Section B: Environment and Environmental Problems
Questions 26–50
26. The word environment is derived from the French word:
A. Environ
B. Environmenta
C. Envera
D. Environsia
Answer: A
27. Environment refers broadly to:
A. Only physical surroundings
B. External forces and conditions affecting living organisms
C. Only human society
D. Only climate
Answer: B
28. Which of the following is NOT generally considered one of the major spheres of the natural environment?
A. Lithosphere
B. Hydrosphere
C. Atmosphere
D. Parliament
Answer: D
29. The sphere consisting mainly of rocks and the solid outer part of the Earth is:
A. Atmosphere
B. Hydrosphere
C. Lithosphere
D. Biosphere
Answer: C
30. The sphere consisting of Earth's water bodies is called:
A. Biosphere
B. Hydrosphere
C. Lithosphere
D. Atmosphere
Answer: B
31. The gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth is the:
A. Lithosphere
B. Hydrosphere
C. Atmosphere
D. Biosphere
Answer: C
32. The narrow zone where life exists is known as:
A. Atmosphere
B. Biosphere
C. Lithosphere
D. Stratosphere
Answer: B
33. An environmental problem confined to a small area is called a:
A. Global problem
B. Regional problem
C. Local problem
D. Continental problem
Answer: C
34. Floods affecting a large part of Assam are an example of a:
A. Local environmental problem
B. Regional environmental problem
C. Household problem
D. Global problem
Answer: B
35. Global warming is considered a:
A. Local problem
B. Regional problem
C. Global environmental problem
D. Village-level problem
Answer: C
36. Pollution means:
A. Improvement of environmental quality
B. Undesirable change in environmental conditions
C. Natural regeneration
D. Conservation of biodiversity
Answer: B
37. Which of the following is an air pollutant?
A. Oxygen
B. Smoke
C. Rainwater
D. Clean nitrogen
Answer: B
38. Which gas has played a particularly significant role in human-induced global warming?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Oxygen
C. Helium
D. Neon
Answer: A
39. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?
A. Methane
B. Oxygen
C. Nitrogen
D. Argon
Answer: A
40. The increase in the average temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere is called:
A. Acidification
B. Global warming
C. Desertification
D. Weathering
Answer: B
41. Excessive sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere can contribute to:
A. Acid rain
B. Soil formation
C. Afforestation
D. Earthquake formation
Answer: A
42. Which of the following can contribute to air pollution?
A. Burning fossil fuels
B. Afforestation
C. Rainwater harvesting
D. Organic recycling only
Answer: A
43. Which form of pollution directly affects the quality and fertility of soil?
A. Air pollution
B. Soil pollution
C. Noise pollution
D. Light pollution
Answer: B
44. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can contribute to:
A. Soil pollution
B. Atmospheric pressure
C. Earthquake activity
D. Ocean tides
Answer: A
45. Industrial effluents discharged into rivers mainly cause:
A. Water pollution
B. Soil formation
C. Desert formation
D. Atmospheric stability
Answer: A
46. Desertification refers broadly to:
A. Conversion of productive land into degraded, desert-like conditions
B. Creation of new forests
C. Increase in river discharge
D. Expansion of glaciers
Answer: A
47. Which environmental problem is particularly associated with the Brahmaputra and Barak valleys in Assam?
A. River-bank erosion
B. Volcanic eruption
C. Snow avalanche
D. Coral bleaching
Answer: A
48. Annual flooding in Assam is strongly associated with:
A. Brahmaputra and its tributaries
B. Indus River
C. Narmada River
D. Godavari River only
Answer: A
49. Which activity can increase the severity of environmental degradation?
A. Deforestation
B. Afforestation
C. Watershed management
D. Conservation
Answer: A
50. International cooperation is particularly important for solving:
A. Global environmental problems
B. A single household's waste problem
C. A village road problem
D. A single farm's irrigation problem
Answer: A
Section C: Geography of the World
Questions 51–75
51. How many continents are traditionally recognised?
A. Five
B. Six
C. Seven
D. Eight
Answer: C
52. Which is the largest continent?
A. Africa
B. Asia
C. Europe
D. North America
Answer: B
53. Which is the smallest continent by land area among the seven traditionally recognised continents?
A. Europe
B. Antarctica
C. Oceania
D. South America
Answer: C
54. Which continent is covered largely by permanent ice?
A. Africa
B. Europe
C. Antarctica
D. Australia
Answer: C
55. Approximately what proportion of the Earth's surface is covered by water?
A. 29%
B. 40%
C. 50%
D. 71%
Answer: D
56. Approximately what proportion of the Earth's surface is occupied by land?
A. 29%
B. 50%
C. 61%
D. 71%
Answer: A
57. Which is the largest ocean?
A. Atlantic Ocean
B. Indian Ocean
C. Pacific Ocean
D. Arctic Ocean
Answer: C
58. The Atlantic Ocean lies mainly between:
A. Asia and Australia
B. The Americas and Europe-Africa
C. Africa and Asia only
D. Antarctica and Australia only
Answer: B
59. The Indian Ocean lies mainly:
A. North of Asia
B. South of Asia
C. West of Europe
D. East of North America
Answer: B
60. The Arctic Ocean is located around the:
A. South Pole
B. North Pole
C. Equator
D. Tropic of Capricorn
Answer: B
61. The Southern Ocean surrounds:
A. Asia
B. Antarctica
C. Europe
D. North America
Answer: B
62. Which physical feature naturally separates Asia from Europe?
A. Andes Mountains
B. Ural Mountains and Ural River
C. Rockies and Mississippi
D. Alps and Rhine
Answer: B
63. Which sea separates Asia from Africa?
A. Mediterranean Sea
B. Arabian Sea
C. Red Sea
D. Caspian Sea
Answer: C
64. The longest mountain range on land is:
A. Himalayas
B. Rockies
C. Andes
D. Alps
Answer: C
65. The Andes Mountains are located in:
A. Africa
B. Europe
C. South America
D. North America
Answer: C
66. Which mountain range is prominently associated with southern Europe?
A. Alps
B. Andes
C. Rockies
D. Appalachians
Answer: A
67. Which is the world's largest hot desert?
A. Gobi
B. Sahara
C. Kalahari
D. Thar
Answer: B
68. The Sahara Desert is located in:
A. Asia
B. Africa
C. Australia
D. North America
Answer: B
69. The Gobi Desert is mainly associated with:
A. Europe
B. Asia
C. Africa
D. South America
Answer: B
70. Which continent has the world's largest share of population?
A. Africa
B. Asia
C. Europe
D. South America
Answer: B
71. About 90% of the world's population is concentrated in the:
A. Southern Hemisphere
B. Northern Hemisphere
C. Eastern Hemisphere only
D. Western Hemisphere only
Answer: B
72. One major reason for greater population concentration in the Northern Hemisphere is:
A. Greater extent of landmass
B. Complete absence of mountains
C. Absence of deserts
D. Lack of rivers
Answer: A
73. Which continent has no permanent indigenous human settlement?
A. Australia
B. Antarctica
C. Europe
D. Africa
Answer: B
74. Which of the following is an important river of Asia?
A. Brahmaputra
B. Amazon
C. Nile
D. Mississippi
Answer: A
75. Which of the following is correctly matched?
A. Nile — South America
B. Amazon — Africa
C. Mississippi — North America
D. Yangtze — Europe
Answer: C
Section D: Geography of Assam
Questions 76–100
76. According to the 2011 Census data used in the textbook, Assam's population was approximately:
A. 21 million
B. 26 million
C. 31 million
D. 42 million
Answer: C
77. According to the 2011 Census data, Assam's population density was approximately:
A. 198 persons per km²
B. 298 persons per km²
C. 398 persons per km²
D. 498 persons per km²
Answer: C
78. In Assam, the largest share of population is concentrated in the:
A. Hill region
B. Barak Valley
C. Brahmaputra Valley
D. Patkai Hills
Answer: C
79. Approximately what share of Assam's population lived in the Brahmaputra Valley according to the textbook's 2011 discussion?
A. 45%
B. 60%
C. 75%
D. About 85%
Answer: D
80. Approximately what share of Assam's population lived in the Barak Valley?
A. About 11%
B. About 25%
C. About 35%
D. About 50%
Answer: A
81. The hill region of Assam accounts for approximately:
A. 3.75% of the state's population
B. 15%
C. 25%
D. 40%
Answer: A
82. Which pair represents Assam's principal hill districts discussed in the population distribution section?
A. Kamrup and Barpeta
B. Karbi Anglong and Dima Hasao
C. Jorhat and Dibrugarh
D. Cachar and Karimganj
Answer: B
83. Which physical condition generally favours dense settlement in Assam?
A. Fertile alluvial plains
B. Extremely steep slopes
C. Permafrost
D. Permanent snow cover
Answer: A
84. Which part of the Brahmaputra Valley has historically supported extensive population concentration because of favourable physical and economic conditions?
A. Valley plains
B. Mountain peaks
C. Deep forest interiors only
D. Rocky uplands only
Answer: A
85. Population change in Assam is influenced directly by:
A. Birth, death and migration
B. Rainfall alone
C. Earthquakes alone
D. Forest type alone
Answer: A
86. Population density means:
A. Number of villages in a state
B. Number of people per unit area
C. Number of births per year
D. Number of workers per district only
Answer: B
87. Which district had the highest population density in 2011 among the examples discussed?
A. Dima Hasao
B. Kamrup Metropolitan
C. Karbi Anglong
D. Dhemaji
Answer: B
88. Which district remained among the least densely populated because of its predominantly hilly terrain?
A. Dima Hasao
B. Kamrup Metropolitan
C. Nagaon
D. Barpeta
Answer: A
89. Which city is the largest urban centre of Assam?
A. Silchar
B. Dibrugarh
C. Guwahati
D. Tezpur
Answer: C
90. Which of the following is a major rural settlement pattern in areas influenced by rivers and fertile plains?
A. Dispersed settlement only
B. Linear and clustered settlements
C. Polar settlement
D. Circular desert settlement
Answer: B
91. Which is an important mode of transport in Assam because of its extensive river network?
A. Inland water transport
B. Cable transport
C. Underground metro
D. Camel transport
Answer: A
92. Which river is particularly important for inland water transport in Assam?
A. Brahmaputra
B. Narmada
C. Tapi
D. Mahanadi
Answer: A
93. Air transport is particularly important in Assam because:
A. All roads are permanently closed
B. Difficult terrain and accessibility problems make air links useful
C. Railways do not exist anywhere in Assam
D. Assam has no rivers
Answer: B
94. The development of transport is directly related to:
A. Movement of people and goods
B. Reduction of all economic activities
C. Elimination of settlements
D. Destruction of markets
Answer: A
95. Which mode of transport is generally most flexible for connecting many inland locations?
A. Road transport
B. Ocean transport
C. Air transport only
D. Pipeline transport only
Answer: A
96. One major transport problem of Assam is:
A. Inaccessibility in difficult terrain and flood-prone areas
B. Complete absence of rivers
C. Excessive desertification of the whole state
D. Permanent snow cover
Answer: A
97. Which of the following is a major natural resource of Assam?
A. Petroleum
B. Uranium as the dominant resource
C. Diamond as the principal resource
D. Bauxite as the only resource
Answer: A
98. Assam is globally famous for:
A. Tea production
B. Olive production
C. Coffee production as its dominant crop
D. Wheat production as its dominant commercial crop
Answer: A
99. Which crop is traditionally the principal food crop of Assam?
A. Rice
B. Wheat
C. Barley
D. Gram
Answer: A
100. Which statement best describes Assam's geographical-economic setting?
A. Its population, settlements and transport are strongly influenced by the Brahmaputra and Barak valleys, hills and flood-prone environment
B. Its population is concentrated entirely in mountainous areas
C. Its economy is independent of natural resources
D. Transport has no relationship with physical geography
Answer: A
Answer Key — 100 MCQs
| Q | Ans | Q | Ans | Q | Ans | Q | Ans |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | B | 26 | A | 51 | C | 76 | C |
| 2 | A | 27 | B | 52 | B | 77 | C |
| 3 | A | 28 | D | 53 | C | 78 | C |
| 4 | B | 29 | C | 54 | C | 79 | D |
| 5 | B | 30 | B | 55 | D | 80 | A |
| 6 | A | 31 | C | 56 | A | 81 | A |
| 7 | A | 32 | B | 57 | C | 82 | B |
| 8 | B | 33 | C | 58 | B | 83 | A |
| 9 | B | 34 | B | 59 | B | 84 | A |
| 10 | C | 35 | C | 60 | B | 85 | A |
| 11 | B | 36 | B | 61 | B | 86 | B |
| 12 | C | 37 | B | 62 | B | 87 | B |
| 13 | D | 38 | A | 63 | C | 88 | A |
| 14 | C | 39 | A | 64 | C | 89 | C |
| 15 | C | 40 | B | 65 | C | 90 | B |
| 16 | C | 41 | A | 66 | A | 91 | A |
| 17 | B | 42 | A | 67 | B | 92 | A |
| 18 | A | 43 | B | 68 | B | 93 | B |
| 19 | A | 44 | A | 69 | B | 94 | A |
| 20 | B | 45 | A | 70 | B | 95 | A |
| 21 | C | 46 | A | 71 | B | 96 | A |
| 22 | B | 47 | A | 72 | A | 97 | A |
| 23 | A | 48 | A | 73 | B | 98 | A |
| 24 | A | 49 | A | 74 | A | 99 | A |
| 25 | B | 50 | A | 75 | C | 100 | A |
Important Revision Topics for ADRE and APSC
Economic Geography
Focus on Economic Geography, its scope and branches, resources, utility, functionality, dynamic nature of resources, natural resources, man-made resources, human resources, biotic and abiotic resources, renewable and non-renewable resources, wealth, neutral stuff, conservation and science and technology.
Environment
Revise environment and its components, local, regional and global environmental problems, pollution, pollutants, air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, acid rain, desertification, deforestation, greenhouse gases and global warming.
Assam-specific examples such as floods and river-bank erosion are particularly important.
World Geography
Important topics include seven continents, five oceans, continental distribution, major physical features, Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, South America, Oceania and Antarctica, major mountains, deserts, rivers and world population distribution.
Geography of Assam
Give special attention to population growth since 1901, population distribution, population density, Brahmaputra Valley, Barak Valley, Karbi Anglong, Dima Hasao, rural and urban settlements, ethnic and linguistic diversity, roads, railways, inland waterways, air transport and transport-related problems.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Are these MCQs suitable for ADRE preparation?
Yes. They are designed as an exam-oriented practice set based primarily on SEBA Class X Geography Part-II themes and can be useful for ADRE, APSC, Assam Police, TET and other Assam competitive examinations.
2. Is there only one correct answer?
Yes. Every question has exactly one correct answer.
3. Which chapters are covered?
The questions cover the four major Geography units:
Economic Geography
Environment and Environmental Problems
Geography of the World
Geography of Assam
4. Which chapter deserves special attention for Assam competitive exams?
Geography of Assam deserves particular attention because it includes population, settlement, transport and several Assam-specific geographical issues.
Source
Primary Reference:
Social Science Part-II — Geography, Class X, Board of Secondary Education, Assam / Assam State Textbook Production and Publication Corporation.
Curriculum Reference:
Class X Social Science Geography curriculum of the Assam State School Education Board / former SEBA.
This article is an exam-oriented practice resource based on the prescribed textbook and curriculum. It is not an official ADRE or APSC question paper.
Conclusion
These 100 SEBA Class 10 Geography MCQs are useful for revision for ADRE, APSC, Assam Police, TET, HSLC and other Assam competitive examinations.
Revise the textbook thoroughly, attempt the questions without checking the answers, and then use the answer key to evaluate your preparation.
Bookmark this page for future revision and share it with fellow Assam competitive-exam aspirants.