Biodiversity of Assam: Flora, Fauna, Forests and Conservation Assam is one of the most biologically diverse regions of India. Its location in Northeast India , together with the Brahmaputra and Barak river systems, extensive floodplains, wetlands, forests, grasslands and hill ranges, has created a remarkable variety of habitats. These ecosystems support a rich diversity of plants, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, butterflies and other organisms. The biodiversity of Assam is particularly important because the state forms part of the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Region , one of India's major areas of biological significance. The combination of varied relief, warm and humid climate, abundant rainfall, river systems and different ecological habitats has contributed to the richness of Assam's flora and fauna. Assam is internationally famous for species such as the one-horned rhinoceros, Asian elephant, wild water buffalo, tiger, hoolock gibbon, golden langur and pygm...